Pulmonary-Systemic Shunt Ratio { Qp / Qs } #CCU_ECHO ================================= can be estimated by using 2-D echo and spectral Doppler measurements in patients who have intra- or extra-cardiac shunts e.g. atrial or ventricular septal defects. Qp = RVOT VTI ⋅π⋅ (RVOT2) / 2 Qs = LVOT VTI ⋅π⋅ (LVOT2) / 2 Qp/Qs Ratio = Qp / Qs [envira-gallery … [Read more...] about #CCU_ECHO Pulmonary-Systemic Shunt Ratio { Qp / Qs }

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVSP) Can be estimated by measuring the TR jet maximum velocity by continuous wave (CW) spectral Doppler. If there is no significant stenosis at the right ventricular outflow tract, or the pulmonic valve, RVSP is equivalent to systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP). RA pressure (RAP) can be estimated by Size and respiratory … [Read more...] about Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVSP)

Prediction of fluid responsiveness In patients with acute circulatory failure, the decision to give fluids or not should not be taken lightly. The risk of overzealous fluid administration has been clearly established. Moreover, volume expansion does not always increase cardiac output as one expects. Thus, after the very initial phase and/or if fluid losses are not … [Read more...] about Prediction of fluid responsiveness

LV EF (Simplified Quinones Equation) Ejection Fraction refers to the amount, or percentage, of blood that is pumped (or ejected) out of the ventricles with each contraction. This percentage, or EF number, helps your health care provider determine how your heart is functioning. An even simpler adaptation uses the commonly measured end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters … [Read more...] about LV EF (Simplified Quinones Equation)