Nervous System Physiology Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

The physiology of the nervous system involves the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system triggers the “fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body for intense physical activity. This system causes the expected bodily changes to occur. On the other hand, the parasympathetic system regulates the “rest and digest” functions of the body.

The sympathetic nervous system has five primary functions. These include dilating blood vessels, raising blood pressure, contracting muscles, stimulating sweat glands to produce sweat, and expanding bronchi to increase oxygen exchange. Additionally, the sympathetic system causes the heart to contract, which helps the body prepare for emergency situations.